A counterfactual is a "what if" — a scenario that did not happen but could have. "If Kennedy had lived, would the Vietnam War have ended differently?" "If Blockbuster had acquired...
The core idea
A counterfactual is a "what if" — a scenario that did not happen but could have. "If Kennedy had lived, would the Vietnam War have ended differently?" "If Blockbuster had acquired...
Connected
Asymmetric Payoffs
situations where the upside is uncapped and the downside is limited. The expecte
Barriers to Entry
obstacles preventing new competitors from entering a market.
Collective Action Problem
incentives to free-ride undermine cooperation for shared benefit.
Comparative Advantage
where your opportunity cost is lowest, not where you are best.
Creative Destruction
destroys established industries to create new, more valuable ones.
Economies of Scale
scale drives lower unit costs, creating compounding cost advantages.