immunity occurs when enough members of a group are protected against a threat that the threat can no longer spread effectively — even to those who aren't individually...
The core idea
immunity occurs when enough members of a group are protected against a threat that the threat can no longer spread effectively — even to those who aren't individually...
Connected
Adaptation & Red Queen Effect
adaptation is required just to maintain relative position.
Complex Adaptive Systems
interacting agents self-organise to produce emergent behaviour.
Critical Mass
tipping-point threshold where a process becomes self-sustaining.
Entropy
ordered systems tend toward disorder unless energy is continuously invested.
Flywheel
momentum built through consistent effort in one direction.
Incentives
respond to rewards and punishments, not instructions.