is duplicate capacity or parallel paths so that if one element fails, the system can still function. It is a hedge against failure: you pay a cost (extra components,...
The core idea
is duplicate capacity or parallel paths so that if one element fails, the system can still function. It is a hedge against failure: you pay a cost (extra components,...
Connected
Mental Model
Mental ModelLollapalooza Effects
multiple cognitive biases or forces act in the same direction simultaneously, th
Mental Model
Mental ModelAntifragility
systems gain from disorder — growing stronger from shocks.
Mental Model
Mental ModelEmergence
wholes arise from simple parts interacting — the whole exceeds the sum.
Mental Model
Mental ModelFeedback Loops
feed back as inputs, creating either amplifying or stabilizing dynamics.
Mental Model
Mental ModelGall's Law
complex systems evolve from working simple systems.
Mental Model
Mental ModelLeverage Donella Meadows
a MeadowsSmall shifts at the right point produce outsized systemic changes.